The Role of Physician Recommendation in Women's Mammography Use: Is it a Two-Stage Process?

Hawley, S.T., Earp, J.A., O'Malley, M., and Ricketts, T.C.  Medical Care, 38(4):392-403, 2000.

Data on 1,30 women aged at least 52 yars from the North Carolina Breast Cancer Screening Program (NC-BCSP) questionnaire were combined with information from 91 of their physicians from the North Carolina Medical Board. A 2-stage system of equations using women's characteristics (demographic, health, access), physicians' characteristics (demographic, practice), women's beliefs, and women's report of a physician recommendation was created and statistically tested. The model was estimated using 2-stage logistic and probit estimation. Conclusions: A 2-stage model for estimating mammography use among women with regular physicians may be more informative than a single model. These results imply that programs designed to increase mammography rates should focus on ensuring appropriate physician recommendations in addition to encouraging women to request screening. Future research should consider using an integrated framework for evaluating utilization of mammography and other preventive services.
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